How to set permission of folder or file in Linux

You can set permission for the folder or file in Linux system by using command chmod.

For instance to setup the /test folder permission to 777 you need to type: chmod 777 /test.

change persmission linux

To check that 777 is really set use stat command: stat /test

check folder permission in Linux

You can clearly see that folder is set to 777 permission.

To process bundle action with folders and sub folders use the following example: chmod –R /test. This will setup all folders, files and subfolders to 777.

However there might be another way to do it either for folders&subfolders: find /test/ -type d -exec chmod 777 {} \;

or for the all files in all folders and subfolders: find /var/www -type f -exec chmod 777 {} \;

Be very careful with permission 777, this is shown only for example purposes.

How to check last reboot on your Linux system

It is necessary from time to time check when you Linux server was restarted. It might be interesting for security reason, when somebody had access to your server and reboot it. Also it is useful to know how stable is your server, how often it was restarted, manually or independently due to hardware, kernel or software crash.

You the following command: last reboot
last reboot linux

Apache

I will try to be short ad possible with sharing my knowledge and opinion about Apache. Pros and cons will be the best way,

Pros:

1. Popularity. Still number one Web server around internet
2. Well documented and mature product
3. Quite easy to install, easy to configure.
4. Almost all in one solution (build in support of PHP, CGI, PERL)
5. Present in all popular Linux distributions.
6. Compatible with major management systems: Webmin, Fantastico, Cpanel, ISP config. Part of Zend server.
Cons:
1. Technologically outdated
2. Not good for the single server for many concurrent connections
3. Consumes far more RAM than new generation web servers
4. MOD PHP is very slow solution for PHP requests handling